Dilution Calculator
Work out how much diluent to add to reach a target concentration using C1V1 = C2V2.
Formula and sources updated · Data sources · 1View algorithm, constants and default inputs (JSON)
About this calculator
Use C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ when both concentrations use the same unit and the final concentration is no greater than the stock concentration. The calculator assumes additive volumes and reports solute amount in mmol when concentration is entered in mol/L (M) and stock volume in mL. Follow the reagent or product label and lab protocol for handling.
Worked example
calculated with the default values below
Stock concentration 2 M · Volume of stock 50 mL · Target concentration 0.5 M Final volume 200.00 mL · Diluent to add 150.00 mL · Dilution factor 4.00 x · Stock to target ratio 1 to 4 · Amount of solute 100.000 mmol · Fits in a 1 L flask Yes
Method and assumptions
Formula basis and scope
C1 × V1 = C2 × V2; added diluent = V2 - V1.
Concentration units must match. Assumes conservation of solute and additive volumes; container-fit output uses the tool's 1000 mL convention, not laboratory safety advice.
Data sources
Disclaimer
These calculators give general mathematical results. They suit study, planning and estimation — verify anything that feeds a graded submission, a published figure or a financial commitment.
Implementation source
This record describes the implementation used by this page. It is not independent validation. External references, when available, support only the stated formula or definition; estimates and custom rules retain their own assumptions.
Formula and variables
V2 = C1 × V1 ÷ C2; D = max(0, V2 − V1); F = C1 ÷ C2
- C1
- stock concentration
- V1
- stock volume
- C2
- final (target) concentration
- V2
- final volume
- D
- diluent to add
- F
- dilution factor
Applies only when C2 > 0. Solute amount C1×V1 is conserved (C1V1 = C2V2); the concentration ratio is displayed as 1 to F.
Frequently asked questions
What assumptions does the dilution result use?
It uses C₁V₁ = C₂V₂, assumes the same concentration unit for stock and target, and treats volumes as additive. The target must be positive and no greater than the stock concentration. Solute amount is shown in mmol only when concentration is entered in mol/L (M) and stock volume in mL. Follow the reagent label and your lab protocol.